Mayalab Instrument

Physics laboratory is a place where experiments of Physics are carried out. As we know physics is that branch of science where experimentation is an integral part of the core subject. Almost in every educational institution these physics laboratories are found.

The Young’s Modulus of Wire Apparatus by MAYALAB is a precision instrument designed for physics laboratories to determine the elasticity and tensile properties of materials. It is widely used in schools, colleges, and research labs for experimental verification of Hooke’s Law and the calculation of Young’s Modulus (E) of a wire.

• Sturdy Construction: Made of high-quality MS powder-coated base with fine finishing for long life.

• Micrometer Screw Gauge: Provided for accurate measurement of wire elongation.

• Heavy Brass Weights: Used to apply uniform tensile load on the test wire.

• Two-Wire System: One reference wire and one experimental wire to eliminate support errors.

• Graduated Scale & Vernier: Ensures precise elongation readings.

• Adjustable Screws & Clamps: For easy wire fixing and smooth alignment.

• Main apparatus with fixed and experimental wire arrangement

• Micrometer screw gauge / Vernier microscope (model dependent)

• Set of brass weights (commonly 50g – 1kg)

• Instruction manual

• Determination of Young’s Modulus of metallic wires (brass, copper, steel).

• Demonstration of elastic limit and stress-strain relationship.

• Useful for physics laboratory experiments in schools, colleges & universities.

The Stokes’ Method Viscosity Apparatus is a laboratory setup designed to determine the viscosity of a liquid by measuring the terminal velocity of a spherical ball falling through it. This principle is based on Stokes’ Law, which relates the viscous force acting on a moving sphere in a fluid.

When a small sphere (ball) falls through a viscous liquid, it experiences three forces:

1. Gravitational Force (downward)

2. Buoyant Force (upward)

3. Viscous Drag Force (upward)

At terminal velocity, these forces balance, and viscosity (η) is calculated using Stokes’ equation:

Where:

• r = radius of sphere

• ρs = density of sphere

• ρl = density of liquid

• g = acceleration due to gravity

• v = terminal velocity of sphere

• Glass Tube filled with experimental liquid.

• Set of Standard Steel Balls (different diameters).

• Graduated Scale for measuring distance traveled by balls.

• Stopwatch for accurate time measurement.

• Stand & Clamp for holding the tube vertically.

• Instruction Manual with experimental procedure and formulae.

1. Fill the glass tube with the test liquid (e.g., glycerin, castor oil).

2. Drop a steel ball gently into the tube.

3. Measure the time taken by the ball to travel between two fixed marks.

4. Calculate terminal velocity (distance/time).

5. Use Stokes’ Law to determine the viscosity of the liquid.

• For educational demonstration in physics laboratories.

• To compare viscosities of different liquids.

• Useful in research and material testing labs.

Meter Bridge (slide-wire Wheatstone bridge) is used to determine unknown resistance, compare resistances, and verify the laws of a Wheatstone bridge. It consists of a 1-meter uniform resistance wire mounted on a wooden or bakelite base with a calibrated scale, and four end binding posts forming the bridge arms.

Based on the Wheatstone bridge balance condition:

At balance (galvanometer shows null), the ratio of known to unknown resistance equals the ratio of the lengths of the wire on either side of the jockey contact.

• Base: Seasoned wooden or bakelite base with non-slip feet

• Slide Wire: 1.0 m uniform resistance wire (constantan/manganin), diameter ~0.36–0.5 mm

• Scale: 0–100 cm, least count 1 mm, engraved with protective transparent strip

• Terminals: Four heavy brass binding posts forming gaps G1 and G2 for resistances

• Copper/Brass Strips: Low-resistance end connectors with spring washers

• Jockey/Contact Key: Spring-loaded metal probe with insulated handle for precise tapping

• Central Galvanometer & Battery Keys (optional built-in): Knife-edge keys with spring action

• Accessories (typical set): Jockey, connecting leads, sandpaper, instruction sheet

• Wire material: Constantan or Manganin (low TCR)

• Wire length: 1.0 m; straightness tolerance ≤1 mm over full length

• Wire resistance: ~1–2 Ω/m (depends on gauge)

• Scale length: 100 cm; zero error ≤1 mm

• Bridge terminals: Brass, nickel-plated; contact resistance < 10 mΩ

• Insulation: High-grade bakelite/wood, moisture-resistant finish

• Dimensions (L×W×H): ~1200 × 100 × 60 mm (varies by model)

1. Student Model: External keys; economy hardware; good for routine practicals

2. Deluxe Model: Built-in battery & galvanometer keys, heavier terminals, anti-corrosion finish

3. Four-Terminal Precision Model: Gold-plated contact blocks, finer scale, rigid chassis for demonstrations